Dr. Calvin Kuo describes how patient tumor organoids cultured at the air-liquid interface can be used to study tumor microenvironments. Dr. Kuo is a Professor of Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine. This presentation was part of a Round Table series titled “Advances in Organoid Applications”, organized in partnership with Nature Research and held at the Springer Nature headquarters in London, UK in June 2019. There, global organoid experts gathered to discuss the current state of the technology. Core discussions centered around protocol standardization, translation into patient care, nomenclature, and understanding what questions a given organoid culture can and can’t answer. Get the full picture by reading a commentary and watching webinars and interviews featuring the Nature Research Round Table presenters.